Japanese University Ranking Research - INTERPACIFIC NETWORK CORP RESEARCH

University information outlining professional qualifications in Japan

Bijinesu Kei Nankan Shikaku ( The Most Challenging Qualifications )

Understanding the powerful qualifications in Japan, we hope you will learn more about the academic cliques of power within the judicial and business consultant circles.

(1) Bengoshi (Attorney at Law):

In order to become an attorney in Japan, there are 2 typical career paths. Since law schools have been finally established in Japan, most new lawyers now graduate from Japanese law school, 2 year course for students admitted through as LLB (Bachelor's degree in Law), or some attend a 3 year course and then they must pass the New National Bar Examination, which is held annually by the Ministry of Justice of Japan. In the first year (2006), there were 2,137 applicants who sat for the examination, 2,091 candidates, and 1,009 of them (48%) passed. In 2008, there were 6,261 applicants and 2,065 of them (33%) passed.

New National Bar Examination Success Ranking 2008 (Number of Successful Candidates) by Law Schools:

Ranking	Law School	# of Candidates	# of Pass	Pass Rate (Gross Avg=33%)
1	University of Tokyo	366	200	55%
2	Chuo Univ.	352	196	56%
3	Keio Univ.	292	165	57%
4	Waseda Univ.	345	130	38%
5	Kyoto Univ.	241	100	41%
6	Meiji Univ.	264	84	32%
7	Hitotsubashi Univ.	127	78	61%
8	Kobe Univ.	128	70	55%
9	Ritsumeikan Univ.	205	59	29%
9	Doshisha Univ.	210	59	28%
9	Tohoku Univ.	127	59	46%
12	Kwansei Gakuin Univ.	168	51	30%
13	Sophia Univ.	120	50	42%
14	Osaka Univ.	127	49	39%
15	Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.	79	39	49%
16	Kyushu Univ.	105	38	36%
16	Kansai Univ.	187	38	20%
18	Chiba Univ.	69	34	49%
19	Hokkaido Univ.	108	33	31%
19	Osaka City Univ.	82	33	40%
21	Nagoya Univ.	98	32	33%
21	Hosei Univ.	135	32	24%
23	Nihon Univ.	148	26	18%
24	Yokohama National Univ.	65	24	37%
25	Rikkyo Univ.	92	21	23%
26	Senshu Univ.	88	20	23%
26	Gakushuin Univ.	87	20	23%
28	Hiroshima Univ.	52	19	37%
29	Seikei Univ.	45	17	38%
30	Meiji Gakuin Univ.	74	16	22%
30	Omiya Law School	81	16	20%
30	Aichi Univ.	35	16	46%
33	Nanzan Univ.	49	15	31%
33	Aoyama Gakuin Univ.	61	15	25%
35	Soka Univ.	60	13	22%
36	Konan Univ.	71	12	17%
37	Surugadai Univ.	84	11	13%
37	Komazawa Univ.	47	11	23%
37	Okayama Univ.	35	11	31%
40	Fukuoka Univ.	33	10	30%
41	Niigata Univ.	50	9	18%
42	Dokkyo Univ.	40	8	20%
42	Chukyo Univ.	36	8	22%
42	Toin Yokohama Univ.	63	8	13%
45	Tohoku Gakuin Univ.	37	7	19%
45	Yamanashi Gakuin Univ.	40	7	18%
45	Hiroshima Shudo Univ.	35	7	20%
45	Kumamoto Univ.	33	7	21%
49	Daito Bunka Univ.	37	6	16%
49	Kobe Gakuin Univ.	18	6	33%
51	Meijo Univ.	31	5	16%
51	Tsukuba Univ.	26	5	19%
51	Kanagawa Univ.	41	5	12%
51	Kurume Univ.	42	5	12%
55	Kokugakuin Univ.	40	4	10%
55	Toyo Univ.	55	4	7%
55	Tokai Univ.	34	4	12%
55	Shimane Univ.	26	4	15%
55	Kanazawa Univ.	47	4	9%
55	Kinki Univ.	25	4	16%
55	Kyoto Sangyo Univ.	45	4	9%
55	Kanto Gakuin Univ.	42	4	10%
63	Ryukyu Univ.	24	3	13%
63	Kagawa Univ.	21	3	14%
65	Ryukoku Univ.	24	2	8%
65	Hokkai Gakuen Univ.	13	2	15%
65	Hakuoh Univ.	21	2	10%
65	Shizuoka Univ.	17	2	12%
65	Seinan Gakuin Univ.	46	2	4%
70	Osaka Gakuin Univ.	28	1	4%
70	Kagoshima Univ.	23	1	4%
72	Himeji Dokkyo Univ.	24	0	0%
72	Shinshu Univ.	19	0	0%
72	Aichi Gakuin Univ.	16	0	0%
Total		6261	2065	33%

New National Bar Examination Success Ranking 2008 (Successful Candidates Rate) by Law Schools:

Ranking	Law School	# of Candidates	# of Pass	Pass Rate (Gross Avg=33%)
1	Hitotsubashi Univ.	127	78	61%
2	Keio Univ.	292	165	57%
3	Chuo Univ.	352	196	56%
4	Kobe Univ.	128	70	55%
5	University of Tokyo	366	200	55%
6	Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.	79	39	49%
7	Chiba Univ.	69	34	49%
8	Tohoku Univ.	127	59	46%
9	Aichi Univ.	35	16	46%
10	Sophia Univ.	120	50	42%
11	Kyoto Univ.	241	100	41%
12	Osaka City Univ.	82	33	40%
13	Osaka Univ.	127	49	39%
14	Seikei Univ.	45	17	38%
15	Waseda Univ.	345	130	38%
16	Yokohama National Univ.	65	24	37%
17	Hiroshima Univ.	52	19	37%
18	Kyushu Univ.	105	38	36%
19	Kobe Gakuin Univ.	18	6	33%
20	Nagoya Univ.	98	32	33%
21	Meiji Univ.	264	84	32%
22	Okayama Univ.	35	11	31%
23	Nanzan Univ.	49	15	31%
24	Hokkaido Univ.	108	33	31%
25	Kwansei Gakuin Univ.	168	51	30%
26	Fukuoka Univ.	33	10	30%
27	Ritsumeikan Univ.	205	59	29%
28	Doshisha Univ.	210	59	28%
29	Aoyama Gakuin Univ.	61	15	25%
30	Hosei Univ.	135	32	24%
31	Komazawa Univ.	47	11	23%
32	Gakushuin Univ.	87	20	23%
33	Rikkyo Univ.	92	21	23%
34	Senshu Univ.	88	20	23%
35	Chukyo Univ.	36	8	22%
36	Soka Univ.	60	13	22%
37	Meiji Gakuin Univ.	74	16	22%
38	Kumamoto Univ.	33	7	21%
39	Kansai Univ.	187	38	20%
40	Dokkyo Univ.	40	8	20%
40	Hiroshima Shudo Univ.	35	7	20%
42	Omiya Law School	81	16	20%
43	Tsukuba Univ.	26	5	19%
44	Tohoku Gakuin Univ.	37	7	19%
45	Niigata Univ.	50	9	18%
46	Nihon Univ.	148	26	18%
47	Yamanashi Gakuin Univ.	40	7	18%
48	Konan Univ.	71	12	17%
49	Daito Bunka Univ.	37	6	16%
50	Meijo Univ.	31	5	16%
51	Kinki Univ.	25	4	16%
52	Shimane Univ.	26	4	15%
52	Hokkai Gakuen Univ.	13	2	15%
54	Kagawa Univ.	21	3	14%
55	Surugadai Univ.	84	11	13%
56	Toin Yokohama Univ.	63	8	13%
57	Ryukyu Univ.	24	3	13%
58	Kanagawa Univ.	41	5	12%
59	Kurume Univ.	42	5	12%
60	Tokai Univ.	34	4	12%
60	Shizuoka Univ.	17	2	12%
62	Kokugakuin Univ.	40	4	10%
63	Kanto Gakuin Univ.	42	4	10%
64	Hakuoh Univ.	21	2	10%
64	Kyoto Sangyo Univ.	45	4	9%
66	Kanazawa Univ.	47	4	9%
67	Ryukoku Univ.	24	2	8%
68	Toyo Univ.	55	4	7%
69	Seinan Gakuin Univ.	46	2	4%
70	Kagoshima Univ.	23	1	4%
71	Osaka Gakuin Univ.	28	1	4%
72	Himeji Dokkyo Univ.	24	0	0%
73	Shinshu Univ.	19	0	0%
74	Aichi Gakuin Univ.	16	0	0%
Total		6261	2065	33%

The second way to become a lawyer in Japan is to pass the “Old” National Bar Examination. Candidates are required to graduate from a 4 year college or have the equivalent. In the past there were 36,000 to 45,000 candidates who sat for the examination of which 1,000 to 1,400 passed (around 3%). Since the introduction of the New National Bar Examination, the Old National Bar Examination has gotten more difficult to pass, and only 549 of 30,248 candidates passed (1.81%) in year 2006.

Those who pass the National Bar Examination then enter into the Legal Training and Research Institute run by the Supreme Court of Japan, where they receive two years of education in their practice and knowledge of technique, responsibility, sense of ethics focus, and duties of being a lawyer. Once one completes the two years of training, then again they must pass a final examination to become a lawyer. About 15% of those who pass the examination are appointed as assistant judges and about 10% become public prosecutors, and remaining lawyers register as attorney as they join the bar association.

”Old” National Bar Examination Successful Applicants Ranked by Universities:

Ranking	University	2005	2004
1	Waseda Univ.	228	226
2	University of Tokyo	225	226
3	Keio Univ.	132	170
4	Chuo Univ.	122	121
5	Kyoto Univ.	116	147
6	Osaka Univ.	57	45
7	Hitotsubashi Univ.	51	57
8	Doshiha Univ.	48	30
9	Nagoya Univ.	32	26
10	Kobe Univ.	30	33
10	Hokkaido Univ.	30	16
12	Tohoku Univ.	29	29
13	Meiji Univ.	28	46
14	Ritsumeikan Univ.	26	23
15	Sophia Univ.	24	25
16	Kyushu Univ.	23	21
16	Kansai Univ.	23	19
18	Hosei Univ.	22	12
19	Rikkyo Univ.	19	21
20	Nihon Univ.	14	12
21	Kwansei Gakuin Univ	13	16
21	Osaka City Univ.	13	6
23	Aoyama Gakuin Univ.	11	11
24	Chiba Univ.	9	7
25	Gakushuin Univ.	8	10
25	Hiroshima Univ.	8	10
25	Senshu Univ.	8	8
28	Soka Univ.	7	9
29	Kanazawa Univ.	6	6
30	Tsukuba Univ.	5	4
30	Niigata Univ.	5	4
32	Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.	4	13
32	Shizuoka Univ.	4	4
32	Yokohama National Univ.	4	4
32	Kumamoto Univ.	4	3
32	Komazawa Univ.	4	0
37	Kinki Univ.	3	3
37	Seikei Univ.	3	2
37	Ochanomizu Univ.	3	1
37	Seijo Univ.	3	1
37	Nanzan Univ.	3	1
42	Meiji Gakuin Univ.	2	4
42	Tokyo University of Foreign Studies	2	2
42	Ryukoku Univ.	2	2
42	Kokugakuin Univ.	2	1
42	Tsuda College	2	1
42	Tokyo Institute of Technology	2	1
42	Ehime Univ.	2	0
42	Saitama Univ.	2	0
42	Tokai Univ.	2	0
42	Toyo Univ.	2	0
52	International Christian Univ.	1	4
52	Surugadai Univ.	1	3
52	Okayama Univ.	1	2
52	Kagawa Univ.	1	2
52	Kyoto Sangyo Univ.	1	2
52	Tokyo Woman's Christian Univ.	1	2
52	Aichi Univ.	1	1
52	Osaka University of Foreign Studies	1	1
52	Osaka Prefecture Univ.	1	1
52	The University of Kitakyushu	1	1
52	Konan Univ.	1	1
52	Kobe Gakuin Univ.	1	1
52	Shimane Univ.	1	1
52	Tokyo Gakugei Univ.	1	1
52	Dokkyo Univ.	1	1
52	Hokkai-Gakuen Univ.	1	1
52	Mie University	1	1
52	Meijo Univ.	1	1
52	Asia Univ.	1	0
52	Osaka Women's Univ.	1	0
52	Kanagawa Univ.	1	0
52	Gifu Univ.	1	0
52	Kyoto University of Education	1	0
52	Konan Women's University	1	0
52	Shiga Univ.	1	0
52	Shinshu Univ.	1	0
52	Seinan Gakuin Univ.	1	0
52	Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology	1	0
52	Tohoku Gakuin Univ.	1	0
52	Nara Women's University	1	0
52	Japan Women's Univ.	1	0
52	Hirosaki Univ.	1	0
52	Fukushima Univ.	1	0
52	Fuji Women's Univ.	1	0
52	St. Andrew's Univ.	1	0
52	Wako Univ.	1	0
	Others	1	17
	Total	1,464	1,483

Aggregated Passes Top 20 (between 1949 and 2005)

1. University of Tokyo (6,411)
2. Chuo Univ. (5,450)
3. Waseda Univ. (4,133)
4. Kyoto Univ. (2,867)
5. Keio Univ. (1,983)
6. Meiji Univ. (1,082)
7. Hitotsubashi Univ. (978)
8. Osaka Univ. (777)
9. Tohoku Univ. (752)
10. Kyushu Univ. (639)
11. Kansai Univ. (587)
12. Nagoya Univ. (556)
13. Nihon Univ. (518)
14. Doshisha Univ. (489)
15. Ritsumeikan Univ. (423)
16. Kobe Univ. (409)
17. Hosei Univ. (392)
18. Osaka City Univ. (386)
19. Hokkaido Univ. (385)
20. Sophia Univ. (314)

(2) Konin Kaikeishi (Certified Public Accountant or CPA):

In order to become a CPA in Japan, the requirements are similar to those of the candidates for attorney, and will have to pass the examination conducted by the Certified Public Accountants and Auditing Oversight Board, an advisory body to the Financial Services Agency (http://www.jicpa.or.jp/n_eng/e-cpaexam.html) every year. Candidates must sit and pass this examination. This examination is also regarded as one of the most difficult tests to pass in Japan. A new examination has been introduced and the JICPA and the FSA stopped officially announcing the number of successful candidates by university, so from 2006, such ranking have become difficult to assemble.

2005
Ranking	University	# of Pass
1	Keio Univ.	209
2	Waseda Univ.	159
3	Chuo Univ.	108
4	University of Tokyo	61
5	Hitotsubashi Univ.	51
6	Doshisha Univ.	48
7	Kobe Univ.	43
8	Kwansei Gakuin Univ.	40
8	Meiji Univ.	40
10	Kyoto Univ.	37

Shokushu (Career)

(1) Komuin ( Government Employee):

(a). Kokka Komuin Ippan Shoku ( National Government Regular Employee):

In order to become a national government regular employee, one has to pass the government employee examination for each classification (First-class Civil Servant, Second-class Civil Servant, and Third Class Civil Servant) conducted by the National Personnel Authority, and then they must visit ministries or agencies of one's choice. One may have an interview if they test well, however they only find employment if they outshine their competition.

The first-class Civil Servant Examination is regarded as one of the most difficult examination to pass, and those who pass may be recruited by the national government or agency. Then, they will join this exclusive group and be regarded as part of the elite government or bureaucrats. Business is directly impacted by the decisions and directions the ministries and agencies make. Therefore, how well positioned companies are along with the national government is important for large corporations in Japan. This does not necessarily mean that government provides large companies with special services and or business opportunities. In fact, some large companies do not get involved in government related businesses, however, if your industry is regulated in any fashion, the government will play a major role in your company’s success. Therefore, it is important to understand the government, how it works and how they will impact your industry.

Number of Successful Candidates for First-Class Civil Servant Examination

Ranking	University	2006	2005
1	University of Tokyo	457	454
2	Kyoto Univ.	177	191
3	Waseda Univ.	89	128
4	Keio Univ.	73	73
5	Hokkaido Univ.	62	74
6	Kyushu Univ.	59	54
7	Tohoku Univ.	48	59
8	Tokyo Institute of Technology	46	45
9	Ritsumeikan Univ.	44	42
9	Osaka Univ.	44	46
11	Hitotsubashi Univ.	39	33
12	Nagoya Univ.	33	47
13	Kobe Univ.	29	28
14	Chuo Univ.	23	30
15	Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology	19	18
16	Tokyo University of Science	18	38
16	Osaka City University	18	13
18	Okayama Univ.	16	17
18	Hiroshima Univ.	16	10
20	Tsukuba Univ.	15	21
21	Meiji Univ.	13	13
21	Doshisha Univ.	13	14
21	Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.	13	14
24	Hosei Univ.	10	8
24	Kumamoto Univ.	10	6

(b). Chiho Komuin Ippan Shoku (Local Government Regular Employee):

In order to become a regular employee of the local government, one may have to pass the examination for each classification, be interviewed, and recruited by the local government.

Typically, there is a high-class servant classification for local government employees, therefore the examination for this classification may be difficult to pass.

(2) Kaishain ( Company Employee)

(a). Ichiryu Kigyo Kaishain (Top-notch Company Employee):

Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) first selection companies can be regarded as the first set of top-notch companies in Japan, and it is not easy to get hired by those on the TSE first selection list.

In Japan, although their recruitment system is changing, most large companies still depend on their relationships with universities and align their hiring processes along with the other companies recruiting new graduates from good universities and graduate schools. It is not uncommon for college graduates to form university cliques. They do business together and work effectively as they come from the same background and lifestyle. Cliques begin to evolve from high school and go as far back as elementary school, however, these relationships may not be obvious to the untrained eye. Those experienced with the Japanese culture understand that these cliques can be real because companies hire based on the relationships described above between universities and the large companies; appointing alumnae and alumni who already for them as "recruiters", they hire from the same universities year after year. This is a strong Japanese tradition and although it is changing slowly, it is unlikely that everything will change over night as those hired probably feel a strong connection to their own university as they have their jobs due to these traditions.

To understand a potential partner’s culture, it is important to understand the politics for each of them. One must know who works at each company, where they are born and raised, with whom they worked closely with, and which schools they studied at because it can be one of the reasons you and your company are successful by aligning with the “right” clique; one might acquire the appropriate contacts who can position themselves appropriately to successfully negotiate opportunities quickly.

Number of Presidents of Listed Companies (TSE and others) by University

3	2004
Ranking	University	# of Presidents
1	Keio Univ.	312
2	University of Tokyo	209
3	Waseda Univ.	170
4	Kyoto Univ.	104
5	Doshisha Univ.	68
6	Nihon Univ.	61
7	Chuo Univ.	59
8	Meiji Univ.	53
9	Osaka Univ.	50
10	Kwansei Gakuin Univ.	40
11	Hitotsubashi Univ.	39
12	Kansai Univ.	36
13	Rikkyo Univ.	35
14	Konan Univ.	34
14	Kobe Univ.	34
16	Tohoku Univ.	31
17	Kyushu Univ.	30
18	Kokkaido Univ.	28
19	Hosei Univ.	27
19	Ritsumeikan Univ.	27
19	Tokyo Institute of Technology	27

Below is a chart summarizing the difficulty level for admissions for some of the universities in Japan binned by adjusted standard deviation scores at major preparatory schools and prevailing opinions (2007)

There is an argument that national or public universities and colleges should not to be binned together with the private universities based on adjusted standard deviation scores. In the table below, they are binned together for an idea(* See below) and we leave the argument for you to choose and side, so use your own discretion to re-adjust if you think necessary or comfortable.

Difficulty Level	Law, Business, Economics, Financial, Integrated Policy, etc	Science, Engineering, etc	Liberal Arts, Literature, History, Psychology, Education, etc	Medical, Pharmacy, Dental, Veterinary, Agriculture, etc
A++	Univ. of Tokyo(Law Candidate)			Univ. of Tokyo(Med Candidate) Kyoto Univ.(Med) Nagoya Univ.(Med) Osaka Univ.(Med) Kyushu Univ.(Med) Hokkaido Univ.(Med) Chiba Univ.(Med) Keio Univ.(Med)
A+	Kyoto Univ.(Law) Univ. of Tokyo(Economics Candidate) Kyoto Univ.(Economics) Osaka Univ.(Law) HItotsubashi Univ.(Law) Hitotsubashi Univ.(Commerce) Hitotsubashi Univ.(Economics) Osaka Univ.(Economics) Keio Univ.(Law) Keio Univ.(Economics) Waseda Univ.(Politics and Economics) Waseda Univ.(Law)	Univ. of Tokyo(Engineering candidate) Kyoto Univ.(Integrated Human Studies) Kyoto Univ.(Science) Kyoto Univ.(Engineering)	Univ. of Tokyo(Literature candidate) Kyoto Univ.(Integrated Human Studies) Kyoto Univ.(Literature) Kyoto Univ.(Education) Hitotsubashi Univ.(Social Studies) Osaka Univ.(Literature)	NIigata Univ.(Med) Hokkaido Univ.(Vet) Tokyo Medical and Dental Univ.(Med) The Univ.of Tokyo(Agri Candidate) Shinshu Univ.(Med) Nagoya City Univ(Med) Kyoto Prefectural Univ. of Medicine(Med) Kobe Univ.(Med) Okayama Univ.(Med) Tokushima Univ.(Med) Tohoku Univ.(Med) Yamagata Univ.(Med) Tsukuba Univ.(Med) Yokohama City Univ.(Med) Kanazawa Univ.(Med) Mie Univ.(Med) Hamamatsu Univ. School of Medicine(Med) Hiroshima Univ.(Med) Shiga Univ. of Medical Science(Med) Kumamoto Univ.(Med) Nara Medical Univ.(Med) Akita Univ(Med) Fukui Univ.(Med) Wakayama Medical Univ.(Med) Tottori Univ.(Med) Yamaguchi Univ.(Med) Nagasaki Univ.(Med) Kochi Univ.(Med) Kagoshima Univ.(Med) Gifu Univ.(Med) Ehime Univ.(Med) Univ. of Ryukyus(Med) Gunma Univ.(Med) Hirosaki Univ.(Med) Fukusima Medical Univ.(Med) Toyama Univ.(Med) Miyazaki Univ.(Med) Sapporo Medical Univ.(Med) Oita Univ.(Med) Asahikawa Medical College.(Med) Kagawa Univ.(Med) Shimane Univ.(Med) Saga Univ.(Med) Univ. of Tokyo(Pharmacy Candidate) Kyoto Univ.(Pharmacy) Osaka Univ.(Dentistry) Kyushu Univ(Dentistry) Osaka Univ.(Pharmacy) Kyushu Univ.(Pharmacy) HIroshima Univ.(Pharmacy) Chiba Univ.(Pharmacy) Kanazawa Univ.(Pharmacy) Tohoku Univ.(Pharmacy) Nagasaki Univ.(Pharmacy) Kyoto Univ.(Agri) Osaka Prefecture Univ.(Vet) Iwate Univ.(Vet) Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology(Vet) Gifu Univ.(Vet) Obihiro Univ. of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine(Vet) Osaka Medical College(Med) The Jikei Univ. of Medicine(Med) Nihon Medical School(Med)
A	Kobe Univ.(Law) Nagoya Univ.(Law) Kyushu Univ.(Law) Tohoku Univ.(Law) Tsukuba Univ.(Social Sciences) Kobe Univ.(Economics) Hokkaido Univ.(Law) Yokohama National Univ.(Business) Kobe Univ.(Business) Kyushu Univ.(Economics) Tsukuba Univ.(Policy and Planning Sciences) Tsukuba Univ.(International Studies) Nagoya Univ.(Economics) Tohoku Univ.(Economics) Osaka City Univ.(Law) Kanazawa Univ.(Law) Yokohama CIty Univ.(International) Yokohama National Univ.(Economics) Keio Univ.(Commerce) Keio Univ.(Policy Management) Sophia Univ.(Law) Chuo Univ.(Law) Waseda Univ.(Commerce) Doshisha Univ.(Law) Waseda Univ.( Social Sciences) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Law)	Tokyo Institute of Technology(Science) Tokyo Institute of Technology(Engineering) Nagoya Univ.(Science) Nagoya Univ.(Informatics and Sciences) Nagoya Univ.(Engineering) Kyushu Univ.(Science) Kyushu Univ.(Engineering) Osaka Univ.(Engineering) Tohoku Univ.(Science) Hokkaido Univ.(Science) Kobe Univ.(Science) Kobe Univ.(Human Development) Osaka Univ.(Science) Chiba Univ.(Science) Keio Univ.(Science and Engineering) Waseda Univ.(Science and Engineering)	Tokyo Univ. of Feign Studies(Foreign Studies) Nagoya Univ.(Literature) Nagoya Univ.(Education) Kobe Univ.(Literature) Kobe Univ.(Intercultural Studies) Kyushu Univ.(Education) Ochanomizu Univ.(Letters and Education) Tsukuba Univ.(International Studies) Osaka Univ. of Foreign Studies(Foreign Studies) Yokohama National Univ.(Education, Human Sciences) Hiroshima Univ.(Education) Hokkaido Univ.(Literature) Hokkaido Univ.(Education) Tsukuba Univ.(Humanities) Tohoku Univ.(Literature) Kobe CIty Univ. of Foreign Studies(Foreign Studies) Chiba Univ.(Literature) Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.(Urban Liberal Arts-Humanities) Tokyo Gakugei Univ.(Education) Tsukuba Univ.(Social Studies) Hiroshima Univ.(LIterature) Tohoku Univ.(Education) Waseda Univ.(International Liberal Studies) Keio Univ.(Literature) Waseda Univ (Literature) Ritsumeikan Univ.(International Relations) Keio Univ.(Environmental Information) Sophia Univ.(Foreign Studies) Waseda Univ.(Education) Waseda Univ.(Culture, Media, Society)	Tokyo Medical and Dental Univ.(Dentistry) Niigata Univ.(Dentistry) Kagoshima Univ.(Dentistry) Hokkaido Univ.(Dentistry) Tohoku Univ.(Dentistry) Hiroshima Univ.(Dentistry) Nagasaki Univ.(Dentistry) Hokkaido Univ.(Agri) Nagoya Univ.(Agri) Tsukuba Univ.(Biological Sciences) Kyushu Univ.(Agri) Kobe Univ.(Agri) Tohoku Univ.(Agri) Kyoto Prefectural Univ.(Agri) Obihiro Univ. of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine(Agri) Yamaguchi Univ.(Vet) Kagoshima Univ.(Vet) Shinshu Univ.(Vet) Jichi Medical Univ.(Med) Juntendo Univ.(Med) Kansai Medical Univ.(Med) Kurume Univ. of Medicine(Med) Iwate Medical Univ.(Med) Kyorin Univ.(Med) Showa Univ.(Med) Tokyo Medical Univ.(Med) Tokyo Univ. of Science(Pharmacy) Aichi Medical University(Med) Kinki Univ.(Med) Rakuno Gakuen Univ.(Vet) Tokai Univ.(Med) Nihon Univ.(Med) Fujita Health Univ.(Med) Hyogo College of Medicine(Med) Fukuoka Univ. (Med)
B++	Hokkaido Univ.(Economics) Hiroshima Univ.(Law) Osaka City Univ.(Commerce) Chiba Univ.(Law and Economics) Okayama Univ.(Law) Tsukuba Univ.(Policy and Planning Sciences) Kumamoto Univ.(Law) Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.(Urban Liberal Arts-Business) Sophia Univ.(Economics) Rikkyo Univ.(Business) Rikkyo Univ. (Law) Gakushuin Univ.(Law) Chuo Univ.(Policy Studies) Doshisha Univ.(Economics) Aoyama Gakuin Univ.(International Politics and Economics) Aoyama Gakuin Univ.(Law) Hosei Univ.(Law) Meiji Univ.(Business) Meiji Univ.(Politics and Economics) Meiji Univ.(Law) Rikkyo Univ.(Economics) Nanzan Univ.(Law) Doshisha Univ.(Commerce) Doshisha Univ.(Policy)	Yokohama National Univ.(Engineering) Hokkaido Univ.(Engineering) Kobe Univ.(Engineering) Tohoku Univ.(Engineering) Hiroshima Univ.(Education) Ochanomizu Univ.(Science) Osaka City Univ.(Science) Hiroshima Univ.(Science) Tsukuba Univ.(Science and Engineering) Hiroshima Univ.(Integrated Arts and Sciences) Kanazawa Univ.(Science) Waseda Univ.(Education) International Christian University(Liberal Arts) Sophia Univ.(Science and Technology) Tokyo Univ. of Science(Science) Doshisha Univ.(Engineering)	Osaka City Univ.(Human Sciences) Nagoya City Univ.(Humanities) Saitama Univ.(Liberal Arts) Gunma Univ.(Education) Yokohama City Univ.(International Studies) Kanazawa Univ.(Literature) Aichi Prefectural Univ.(Literature) Tokyo Gakugei Univ.(Education-Human) International Christian Univ.(Liberal Arts) Sophia Univ.(Human Science) Tsuda College(Liberal Arts) Doshisha Univ.(Literature) Sophia Univ.(Literature) Rikkyo Univ.(Social Science) Waseda Univ.(Human Science) Dokkyo Univ.(Foreign Studies) Rikkyo Univ.(Tourism) Nanzan Univ.(Foreign Studies) Doshisha Univ.(Social Science) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Literature)	Hokkaido Univ.(Pharmacy) Okayama Univ.(Pharmacy) Kumamoto Univ.(Pharmacy) Hiroshima Univ.(Applied Biological Science) Okayama Univ.(Dentistry) Osaka Univ.(Med-Nursing) Tokushima Univ.(Dentistry) Kyushu Dental Univ.(Dentistry) Toyama Univ.(Pharmacy) Tokushima Univ.(Pharmacy) Kobe Univ.(Med-Nursing) Tokyo Medical and Dental Univ.(Med-Nursing) Hiroshima Univ.(Med-Nursing) Yamaguchi Univ.(Agri) Kagoshima Univ.(Agri) Miyazaki Univ.(Agri) Shimane Univ.(Agri) Kitazato Univ.(Med) Tokyo Women's Medical Univ.(Med) Toho Univ.(Med) Nihon Veterinary and Life Science Univ.(Vet) Azabu Univ.(Vet) Kawasaki Medical School(Med) Dokkyo Medical Univ.(Med) Kitazato Univ.(Pharmacy) Teikyo Univ.(Med) Kanazawa Medical Univ.(Med) Kyoto Pharmaceutical Univ.(Pharmacy) Keio Univ.(Nursing) St. Marianna Univ. School of Medicine(Med) Osaka Univ. of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Pharmacy) Fukuoka Univ.(Pharmacy)
B+	Okayama Univ.(Economics) Shizuoka Univ.(Humanities) Niigata Univ.(Law) The Univ. of Kitakyushu(Law) Ibaraki Univ.(Humanities) Shinshu Univ.(Economics) Kagoshima Univ.(Law, Economics and Humanities) Prefectural Univ. of Kumamoto(Administration) Takasaki City Univ. of Economics(Economics and Regional Policy) Kagawa Univ.(Law) Gunma Univ.(Social and Info Studies) Hiroshima Univ.(Economics) Nagoya City Univ.(Economics) Univ.of Shizuoka(International Relations) Yokohama City Univ.(International College of Arts and Sciences-Business) Osaka Prefecture Univ.(Economics) Gakushuin Univ. (Economics) Chuo Univ.(Commerce) Meiji Univ.(Commerce) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Economics) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Commerce) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Law) Chuo Univ.(Economics) Nanzan Univ.(Economics) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Business) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Economics) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Policy Science) Kansai Univ.(Law) Aoyama Gakuin Univ.(Business) Aoyama Gakuin Univ.(Economics) Seikei Univ.(Economics) Seikei Univ.(Law) Hosei Univ.(Business) Hosei Univ.(Economics) Kansai Univ.(Economics) Kansai Univ.(Policy Studies) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Policy Studies) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Law)	Chiba Univ.(Engineering) Nagoya Institute of Technology(Engineering) Osaka Prefecture Univ.(Science) Kyoto Prefectural Univ.(Human Environment) Okayama Univ.(Science) Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.(Urban Liberal Arts-Math, Science) Kumamoto Univ.(Science) Saitama Univ.(Science) Saitama Univ.(Engineering) Kanazawa Univ.(Education) Kyoto Institute of Technology(Engineering and Design) Osaka Kyoiku Univ.(Education) Hiroshima Univ.(Engineering) Tsukuba Univ.(Engineering) Tokyo Univ. of Science(Engineering) Tokyo Univ. of Science(Science and Technologies) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Science and Technologies) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Science and Technologies) Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture(Applied Bio) Tokyo Univ. of Science(Industrial) Rikkyo Univ.(Science) Kansai Univ.(Chem Biotech) Kansai Univ.(Civil and Environmental Engineering)	Nara Women's College(Literature) Aichi Prefectural Univ.(Foreign Studies) Saitama Univ.(Liberal Arts) Gunma Prefectural Women's College(Intercultural Communication) Utsunomiya Univ.(International Studies) Ibaraki Univ.(Humanities) Kyoto Prefectural Univ.(Literature) Univ. of Shizuoka(International Relations) Univ. of Kitakyushu(Foreign Studies) Fukui Univ.(Education and Regional Studies) Okayama Univ.(Literature) Kumamoto Univ(Literature) Tsukuba Univ.(Informatics) Osaka Prefecture Univ.(Humanities and Social Sciences) Chiba Univ.(Education) Kagoshima Univ.(Education) Univ. of Ryukyus(Law and Letters) Yamaguchi Univ.(Education) Ibaraki Univ.(Humanities) Kanazawa Univ.(Education) Fukuoka Women's Univ.(Literature) Aichi Univ. of Education(Education) Nagasaki Univ.(Education) Kagoshima Univ.(Law and Letters) Utsunomiya Univ.(International Studies) Osaka Univ. of Education(Education) Utsunomiya Univ.(Education) Mie Univ.(Humanities) Shiga Univ.(Education) Dokkyo Univ.((International Liberal Arts) Aoyama Gakuin Univ.(Literature) Gakushuin Univ.(Literature) Nihon Women's Univ.(Domestic) Meiji Univ.(Info Communication) Meiji Univ.(Literature) Rikkyo Univ.(Contemporary Psychology) Rikkyo Univ.(Literature) Waseda Univ.(Sports) Doshisha Univ.(Culture and Info Science) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Social Science) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Literature) Chuo Univ.(Literature) Tokyo Woman's Christian Univ.(Culture and Communication) Meiji Gakuin Univ.(Psychology) Kyoto Women's Univ.(Literature) Doshisha Univ.(Theology) Kansai Univ.(Literature) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Social Science) Seikei Univ.(Literature) Tokyo Woman's Christian Univ.(Arts and Science) Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture(Applied Bio Nutrition) Nihon Women's Univ.(Literature) Hosei Univ.(Social Policy) Hosei Univ.(Intercultural Communication) Hosei Univ.(Social Sciences) Meiji Gakuin Univ.(International) Aichi Shukutoku Univ.(Medical Welfare) Kyoto Univ. of Foreign Studies(Foreign Studies) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Literature)	Kyushu Univ.(Med-Nursing) Kyoto Univ.(Med-Nursing) Nagoya Univ.(Med-Nursing) Chiba Univ.(Nursing) Kyoto Prefectural Univ. of Medicine(Med-Nursing) Okayama Univ.(Med-Nursing) Osaka City Univ.(Med-Nursing) Hokkaido Univ.(Med-Nursing) Tsukuba Univ.(Nursing) Kanazawa Univ.(Med-Nursing) Tsukuba Univ.(Med-Nursing) Tohoku Univ.(Med-Nursing) Nagasaki Univ.(Med-Nursing) Kagoshima Univ.(Med-Nursing) Gifu Univ.(Med-Nursing) Okayama Univ.(Agri) Ibaraki Univ.(Agri) Mie Univ.(Agri) Shinshu Univ.(Agri) Shinshu Univ.(Med-Nursing) Saga Univ.(Med-Nursing) Kumamoto Univ(Med-Nursing) Mie Univ.(Med-Nursing) Yamaguchi Univ.(Med-Nursing) Saitama Medical Univ.(Med) Kyoritsu Univ. of Pharmacy(M&A with Keio Univ.) (Pharmacy) Meijo Univ.(Pharmacy) Tokyo Dental College(Dentistry) Tokyo Univ. of Pharmacy and Life Science(Pharmacy) Hoshi Univ.(Pharmacy) Aichi Gakuin Univ.(Dentistry) Kinki Univ.(Pharmacy) Kobe Pharmaceutical Univ.(Pharmacy) Kio Univ.(Health) Showa Pharmaceutical Univ.(Pharmacy) St. Luke's College of Nursing(Nursing) Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture( Applied Bio) Toho Univ.(Pharmacy) Meiji Univ.(Agri) Meiji Pharmaceutical Univ.(Pharmacy) Setsunan Univ.(Pharmacy) Hiroshima International Univ.(Pharmacy) Fukuoka Dental College(Dentistry)
B	Shimane Univ.(Law and Literature) Yamanashi Prefectural Univ.(Global Policy Management and Communications) Ehime Univ.(Law) Nagasaki Prefectural Univ.(Economics) Univ. of Ryukyus(Law and Letters) Gifu Univ.(Regional Studies) Mie Univ.(Humanities) Hirosaki Univ.(Humanities) Shinshu Univ.(Economics) Saitama Univ.(Economics) Otaru Univ. of Commerce(Commerce) Shizuoka Univ.(Informatics) Iwate Univ.(Humanities and Social Sciences) Iwate Prefectural Univ.(Policy Studies) Tottori Univ.(Law and Letters) Niigata Univ.(Economics) Univ. of Hyogo(Economics) Shiga Univ.(Economics) Kagoshima Univ.(Law, economics, and Humanities - Economics) Kagawa Univ.(Economics) Univ. of Hyogo(Business) Toyama Univ.(Economics) Yamagata Univ.(Humanities) Seijo Univ.(Economics) Seijo Univ.(Law) Senshu Univ.(Law) Meiji Gakuin Univ.(Economics) Meiji Gakuin Univ.(Law) Nanzan Univ.(Business) Kansai Univ.(Commerce) Kokugakuin Univ.(Economics) Tokyo Univ. of Science(Business) Aichi Univ.(Law) Nanzan Univ.(Policy Studies) Ryukoku Univ.(Law) KInki Univ.(Economics) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Economics) Dokkyo Univ.(Law) Soka Univ.(Law) Nihon Univ.(Economics) Nihon Univ.(Commerce) Nihon Univ.(Law) Aichi Shukutoku Univ.(Business) Chukyo Univ.(Policy Studies) Konan Univ.(Business) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Commerce) Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific Univ.(Management)	Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.(System Design) Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology(Engineering) Kanazawa Univ.(Engineering) Okayama Univ.(Engineering) Ibaraki Univ.(Science) Kagoshima Univ.(Science) Tokyo Gakugei Univ.(Education) Niigata Univ.(Science) Nara Women's Univ.(Science) Shizuoka Univ.(Science) Kyushu Institute of Technology(Computer Science and Systems Engineering) Univ. of Electro-Communication(Information and Communication Engineering) Kumamoto Univ.(Engineering) Yamaguchi Univ.(Education) Shinshu Univ(Science) Shiga Univ.(Education) Nagasaki Univ.(Environment) Ehime Univ.(Science) Utsunomiya Univ.(Education) Yamagata Univ.(Science) Toyama Univ.(Science) Kitazato Univ.(Science) Tsuda College(Liberal Arts) Meiji Univ.(Science and Technology) Ritsumeikan Univ.(Information) Kansai Univ.(System) Aoyama Gakuin Univ.(Science and Technology) Hosei Univ.(Design) Nanzan Univ.(Math) Chuo Univ.(Science and Technology) Toho Univ.(Science) Nihon Women's Univ.(Science)	Shizuoka Univ.(Humanities) Tsuru Univ.(Literature) Hiroshima City Univ.(International Studies) Kumamoto Univ.(Education) Fukui Univ.(Education and Regional Studies) Iwate Univ. (Humanities and Social Sciences) Gifu Univ.(Education) Ehime Univ.(Education) Akita Univ.(Education and Human Studies) Takasaki City Univ. of Economics(Economics and Regional Policy) The Univ. of Shiga Prefecture(Human Culture) Yamaguchi Univ.(Humanities) Tottori Univ.(Regional) Shimane Univ.(Law and Letters) Shinshu Univ.(Humanities) Shizuoka Univ.(Informatics) Univ. of Shiga Prefecture(Environment) The Univ. of Tokushima (Integrated Arts and Sciences) Kochi Univ.(Humanities) Yamanashi Univ.(Education and Human Sciences) Akita Univ.(Education and Human Studies) Toyama Univ.(Humanities) Saga Univ.(Culture and Education) Nagasaki Univ.(Education) Hokkaido Univ. of Education(Education) Hirosaki Univ.(Humanities) Ibaraki Univ.(Education) Onomichi Univ.(Art Culture) Seijo Univ.(Social Sciences) Seijo Univ.(Arts and Literature) Nihon Women's Univ.(Integrated Arts and Social Science) Hosei Univ.(Humanity and Environment) Hosei Univ.(Literature) Rikkyo Univ.(Community and Human Services) Aichi Shukutoku Univ.(Communication) Kinjo Univ.(Human Sciences) Sugiyama Jogakuen Univ.(Life Studies) Chukyo Univ.(World Englishes) Chukyo Univ.(Psychology) Nagoya Univ. of Arts and Sciences(Dietetics) Nanzan Univ.(Humanities) Kyoto Women's Univ.(Human Development and Education) Bukkyo Univ.(Education) Kansai Univ.(Social Sciences) Kobe College(Literature) Mukogawa Women's Univ.(Human Environmental Sciences) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Intercultural Studies) Hokusei Gakuen Univ.(Literature) Tohoku Univ. of Art and Design(Art) Gakushuin Women's College(Intercultural Communications) Kokugakuin Univ.(Literature) University of the Sacred Heart Tokyo(Literature) Seisen Univ.(Literature) Tamagawa Univ.(Education) Japan College of Social Work(Social Welfare) Hosei Univ.(Lifelong Learning and Career Designs) Musashi Univ.(Social Sciences) Meiji Gakuin Univ.(Social Sciences) Meiji Gakuin Univ.(Literature) Ferris Univ.(Global and Intercultural Studies) Aichi Shukutoku Univ.(Literature) Aichi Shukutoku Univ.(Creativity and Culture) Kyoto Women's Univ.(Domestic) Kyoto Women's Univ.(Study of Contemporary Society) Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts(Human Life and Science) Kansai Univ.(Informatics) Kansai Gaidai Univ.(Foreign Studies) Konan Univ.(Literature) Kobe College(Human Sciences) Kio Univ.(Education) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Human Sciences) Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific Univ.(Asia Pacific) Bunkyo Univ.(Education) Kanda Univ. of International Studies(Foreign Studies) Kokugakuin Univ.(Shinto) Shirayuri College(Literature) Soka Univ.(Education) Nihon Univ.(Humanities and Sciences) Rissho Univ.(Psychology) Aichi Univ.(Literature) Kinjo Gakuin Univ.(Human Life and Environment) Chukyo Univ.(Literature) Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts(Contemporary Social Studies) Kansai Univ. of International Studies(Linguistics) Kansai Univ. of Social Welfare(Social Welfare) Kwansei Gakuin Univ.(Theology) Notre Dame Seishin Univ.(Literature) Hiroshima Shudo Univ.(Humanities and Human Sciences) Seinan Gakuin Univ.(Theology) Nakamura Gakuen Univ.(Nutritional Sciences) Fukuoka Univ.(Humanities)	Niigata Univ.(Med-Nursing) Fukui Prefectural Univ.(Nursing) Univ. of Shizuoka(Nursing) Nagoya City Univ.(Med-Nursing) Osaka Prefecture Univ.(Nursing) Kobe City College of Nursing(Nursing) Univ. of Hyogo(Nursing) Sapporo Medical Univ.(Health-Nursing) Hamamatsu Univ. School of Medicine(Med-Nursing) Shiga Univ. of Medical Science(Med-Nursing) Saitama Prefectural Univ.(Health-Nursing) Tottori Univ.(Med-Nursing) HIrosaki Univ.(Med-Nursing) Nara Medical Univ.(Med-Nursing) Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing and Health(Nursing) Yamaguchi Prefectural Univ.(Nursing) Ehime Univ.(Med-Nursing) Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.(Health-Nursing) Prefectural Univ. of Hiroshima(Health and Welfare) Kochi Univ.(Med-Nursing) Gunma Univ.(Med-Nursing) Shimane Univ.(Med-Nursing) Okayama Prefectural Univ.(Health and Welfare) Wakayama Medical Univ.(Health and Nursing) Ehime Prefectural Univ. of Health Sciences(Health Sciences) Miyazaki Univ.(Med-Nursing) Ibaraki Prefectural Univ. of Health Sciences(Health) Gifu College of Nursing(Nursing) Kagawa Prefectural College of Health Sciences(Health) Siebold Univ. of Nagasaki(Nursing) Oita Univ.(Med-Nursing) Showa Univ.(Pharmacy) Nihon Univ.(Dentistry) Nihon Veterinary and Life Science Univ.(Applied Blonomy) Aichi Gakuin Univ.(Pharmacy) Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts(Pharmacy) Kobe Gakuin Univ.(Rehab) Kibi International Univ.(Health) Hiroshima International Univ.(Nursing) Health Science Univ. of Hokkaido(Pharmacy) Tohoku Bunka Gakuen Univ.(Health and Welfare) Meikai Univ.(Dentistry) Kitazato Univ.(Vet) The Jikei Univ. of Medicine(Nursing) Nihon Univ.(Pharmacy) Teikyo Univ. of Science and Technology(Healthcare) Nagoya Gakuin Univ.(Health) Kinki Univ.(Agri) Kobe Gakuin Univ.(Pharmacy) Hyogo Univ. of Health Sciences(Rehab) Yasuda Womens' Univ.(Pharmacy) Kyushu Univ. of Nursing and Social Welfare(Nursing/Rehab)

* The blue color text in the above table denotes private university scores. There are normally 2 to 3 subjects within each examination. The pink color text denotes national or public universities and college. They normally give 6 to 7 subjects in a 2 tiered examination, and therefore, some say that it is much harder to be accepted by national universities because applicants for national universities have to spend the same amount of time to prepare for twice or three times as many subjects and still keep scores high on each subject. We agree with this argument.

Gyokai Seiryoku (Industry Share)

1. Mass Media
One of the most powerful industries in Japan is the Mass Media industry. Waseda Univ. and Keio Univ. together have the best human resource position for the industry, followed by University of Tokyo, Hitotsubashi, International Christian University, and Sophia University.

2. Sogoshosha (Integrated Trading Companies)

Because the hiring model continues to be challenged throughout the industry, Sogoshoshas are being creative to create a different business paradigm, utilizing and leveraging their financial power to remain on top through Japan in the Mass Media industry.

Keio Univ. and Waseda Univ. have the major share placing students within this industry for companies such as Mitsui Corp, Mitsubishi Corp, Sumitomo Corp, Itochu Corp, Marubeni Corp, and others. Univ. of Tokyo, Kyoto Univ., Hitotsubashi Univ and prestigious national universities follow their lead.

3. Toshi Ginko, Ote Kinyu (Major Banks and Major Financial Groups)

Another extremely powerful industry within Japan.
Keio Univ., Waseda Univ., Univ. of Tokyo, and Hitotsubashi Univ have the appropriate position, while Doshisha, Meiji, Kyoto, Hosei, Kobe, Kwansei Gakuin, Kansai, Ritsumeikan, Chuo, Aoyama Gakuin, and Rikkyo Universities follow.

4. May-kaa (Major Manufacturers)

Within this industry, the playing field is more widely spread. However, Waseda, Keio, Osaka, Tokyo Institute of Technology have the premium position, while Tokyo, Nagoya, and Kyoto follow, and Doshisha, Ritsumeikan, Meiji, Chuo University are next in line. Since the revenue level and profit level of the most successful companies in this group are outstanding, the Chairman of the Japan Economic Federation "Prime Minister of the Business World of Japan" have been elected from these industry leaders. The former chairman was Mr. Hiroshi Okuda of Toyota, then Chairman (Hitotsubashi Univ. graduate, Bachelor of Commerce), and the incumbent Chairman is Mr. Fujio Mitarai of Canon, Chairman (Chuo Univ graduate, Bachelor of Law). Normally, prestigious national university graduates are elected as Chairman. Mr. Mitarai is the first private university graduate Chairman for this organization.

5. Infura (Infrastructure)

Keio and Waseda Universities lead the human resource share within this industry followed by Univ. of Tokyo, Kyoto Univ., and Osaka Univ. Then, private and national universities such as Doshisha, Chuo, Sophia, Rikkyo, Hosei, Ritsumeikan, Nagoya, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Hitotsubashi follow.

6. Ryutsuu (Distribution and Retail)

Waseda, Meiji, Chuo, and Doshisha Universities have the major human resource sharewithin this industry followed by other major private universities.

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Aggregated Passes Top 20 (between 1949 and 2005)